Seed bead

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Seed beads
Seed beads are uniformly shaped, spheroidal beads ranging in size from under a millimetre to several millimetres. "Seed Bead" is a generic term for any small bead. Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom bead weaving. They may be used for simple stringing, or as spacers between other beads in jewelry. Larger seed beads are used in various fiber crafts for embellishment, or crochet with fiber or wire.
Contents
1 Varieties
1.1 National origin
1.2 Colors and Finishes
1.3 Cylinder beads
1.4 Charlotte cut beads
1.5 Bugle Beads
2 Units of measure
3 Methods of packaging
3.1 Hanks
3.2 Weight
4 Confusing terminology
5 External links
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Varieties
National origin
Most contemporary high-quality seed beeds are made in Japan or the Czech Republic. Japanese seed beads are generally more uniform in size, shape, and finish as well as having larger holes than Czech seed beads of the same size.
Some seed beads produced in France are available in historic "old-time" colors and are popular for use in repairing or replicating antiquities.
Lesser quality seed beads are produced in India, in People's Republic of China (PRC) and in Taiwan. Beads from these countries are less uniform in shape, hole size and finish. Dyed Chinese seed beads may transfer the dye to clothing or skin. Other Chinese seed beads have an external coating that will rub away to reveal a completely different color underneath.
Colors and Finishes
Transparent - the glass is see-through
Translucent - one can see light through the bead, although the light is diffused
Opaque - the solid color prevents light from passing through the bead
Matte - the bead is textured on a microscopic level to result in a matte finish
silver-lined - a silvery coating which reflects light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
copper-lined - a coppery coating which reflects a reddish light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
bronze-lined - a bronzy coating which reflects a brown light is applied to the inside of the seed bead
luster or lustre - a rainbow effect applied to the surface of the seed bead
AB or aurora borealis - also a rainbow effect applied to the surface of a seed bead
Formulas for different colors of glass are closely guarded. The recipe for a true black glass was lost during World War I, and modern black glass held to sunlight is a deep purple. Examples of true black glass are circulating in jewelry pieces made to commemorate the funeral of Queen Victoria.
Glass rods made with concentric layers of color or stripes of color can be used to make patterns of color in seed beads.
Seed bead machinery uses glass rods softened to a red heat, fed into a steel die stamp that forms the shape of the bead with a reciprocating needle that forms the hole. Manual and automatic machinery is in use in the Czech Republic. As the steel dies wear eventually, they are replaced.
Cylinder beads
During the last decade, a new shape of Japanese seed bead, the cylinder bead, has become increasingly popular. Unlike regular rounded seed beads, the cylinder beads are quite uniform in shape and size and have large holes for their size. Because the ends are flat instead of rounded, work created with cylinder beads has a flat, smooth texture. Rows and columns in weaving line up more uniformly, so pattern work comes out more accurate and even.
There are now 3 versions of cylinder beads:
Delica made by Miyuki. Delicas are currently made in four sizes: 15/0 (the smallest), 11/0 (the smallest), 10/0, and 8/0. Delica varieties include a "cut" Delica that reflects light from flat facets.
Treasures (formerly Antiques) made by Toho
Aiko - an all new, extremely precise bead made by Toho, introduced in 2005
Charlotte cut beads
Charlotte cuts are seed beads that have a single facet per bead to add sparkle. These are called "the most brilliant of all seed beads".
"Two-cut" beads are similar to "charlotte" seed beads, but are not technically the same. Two-cut beads have two flat faces rather than one.
Bugle Beads
Bugle beads have different lengths but all bugle beads will be longer than they are thick, creating a tubular shape.
Units of measure
The most popular seed bead size is 11/0 ("eleven-aught"), but sizes range from 24/0 (believed to be the smallest) to 6/0 or 5/0 (the largest). The term "aught" refers to how many beads can fit into a standard unit. The origin of the name is debatable.
Size numbers are also used. Unfortunately online vendors generally do not explain the correlation between size numbers and aughts and millimeters, which is therefore set out here.
aught size
mm diameter
beads per inch
...(and so on)

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